As migrant spouses’ education increases from high school to some college or above, the increase in their likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage is similar between Shanghai and Shenzhen. When migrant spouses’ education changes from high school to some college or above, their odds of hukou locality intermarriage increase by 159% and 110% in Shanghai and Shenzhen, respectively, and the difference between Shanghai and Shenzhen is not statistically significant (Shanghai: ? = 0.95, exp(?) = 2.59,p < 0.001;> 0.05). In contrast, as migrant spouses’ education changes from less than high school to high school, their odds of intermarriage increase significantly in Shenzhen (? = 0.02 + 1.81 = 1.83,p < 0.001)> 0.05), and the difference is highly significant (dif.: ? = 1.81,p < 0.001).
That it relationship is especially solid into the Shenzhen
Overall, also supporting evidence of a beneficial dyadic exchange, particularly in Shenzhen, we in addition to find supportive research to have sector exchange, once the migrants are more likely to marry a neighborhood lover (i.e., to make hukou intermarriage) since their studies grows. The results strongly recommend increased odds of hukou area-training exchange to own non-college-knowledgeable migrants into the Shenzhen than in Shanghai, but an equivalent likelihood of hukou locality-training exchange throughout these several towns and cities to have college-knowledgeable migrants, hence supports Hypothesis step 3 that lower likelihood of hukou area-degree change inside the Shanghai, as compared to Shenzhen, keeps to have non-college-knowledgeable migrants yet not to own university-educated migrants.
According to Model 5 away from Table dos and you can Contour dos , regional spouses’ studies isn’t of this the log-likelihood of hukou area intermarriage, hence dating cannot differ among them places
To date, i have noticed simply intermarriage anywhere between locals and you will migrants, instead distinguishing anywhere between two hukou products. Inside our decide to try, residents is actually mostly metropolitan hukou holders whereas migrants mostly hold rural hukou in both metropolises. Specifically, for the Shanghai, from the 85% away from natives but only about 20% out of migrants have metropolitan hukou. During the Shenzhen, the residents hold metropolitan hukou, but just about 35% from migrants was urban hukou holders. New medical distinction from hukou style of anywhere between locals and you can migrants ways a chances of hukou sorts of change contained in this inter-hukou-area ine whether or not hukou kind of affects all of our efficiency.
Very first, i view the newest delivery out of hukou sorts of certainly intermarriages regarding hukou area. Because the shown within the Figure A1, more than 1 / 2 of the new people where a couple partners differ during the hukou area means homogamy regarding hukou method of. This might be consistent with past conclusions that most Chinese elizabeth hukou types of (Li & Lu, 2008; Wang & The guy, 2014). A great gender asymmetric pattern out of hukou interong partners associated with an effective migrant husband and you will a local wife, merely 11% is rural-husband-urban-wife couples whereas 86% was metropolitan-husband-urban-spouse lovers. On the other hand, among partners where husband are good Shanghai regional resident therefore the wife try good migrant, 45% is actually urban-husband-rural-spouse lovers. This means, when feminine which have Shanghai hukou marry migrants, they have a tendency to help you marry metropolitan migrants, while men which have Shanghai hukou which get married migrant women often marry rural migrants. From inside the Shenzhen, so it gender trend is shorter obvious: 26% from migrant-husband-local-spouse couples possess a metropolitan partner and a rural husband, while a dozen% from local-husband-migrant-spouse people include an urban husband and you will a rural spouse. This type of findings recommend that into the Shanghai matrimony market, each other hukou locality and you will hukou style of build intermarriage patterns, but in Shenzhen hukou type seems less important. It subsequent helps our results in the hukou barrier getting more powerful in the Shanghai than in Shenzhen.
Second, we did a sensitivity analysis by excluding couples in which two spouses differ in both hukou locality and hukou type. In this way, intermarriages that cross hukou locality do not include any couples that might also engage in status exchange in terms of hukou type. The results (available upon request) are substantively the same. Hukou locality homogamy remains more pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen (? seksikäs Egyptin tytöt Shenzhen*hukou homogamy =?0.42, p < 0.001).>shenzhen*(migrants: high school vs. less than high school) 1.11, p < 0.1).>
